Therapeutic drugmonitoring (TDM) is increasingly valuable for tailoring personalized therapy, particularly in managing chronic inflammatory diseases where overtreatment can cause significant side effects. Monoclonal antibodies(mAbs), a primary therapeutic approach for these conditions, face challenges fromantidrug antibodies (ADAs), which can reduce mAb bioavailability and efficacy. To address these issues, the study utilized Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) as a binding moiety in a fluorescence-based programmable nanosensor within the NanoHYBRID(NH) platform developed by UlisseBiomed S.p.A.